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| PngParser | |
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| parseFile | |
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| decodeAlphaPng | |
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| peekColorType | |
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| paeth | |
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| decodeIndexedPng | |
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| extractChunk | |
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| extractIdatData | |
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| parse | |
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| 1 | <?php |
| 2 | |
| 3 | declare(strict_types=1); |
| 4 | |
| 5 | namespace Phpdftk\ImageMetadata; |
| 6 | |
| 7 | use Phpdftk\Filesystem\LocalFilesystem; |
| 8 | |
| 9 | /** |
| 10 | * Parse PNG IHDR chunk for dimensions, bit depth, and color type. |
| 11 | * |
| 12 | * Also extracts ICC profiles from iCCP chunks. PNG alpha channels |
| 13 | * are detected since PDF handles transparency via SMask, not inline. |
| 14 | */ |
| 15 | final class PngParser |
| 16 | { |
| 17 | public static function parseFile(string $path): ImageInfo |
| 18 | { |
| 19 | $fh = LocalFilesystem::openReadable($path, "image file"); |
| 20 | try { |
| 21 | $data = fread($fh, filesize($path)); |
| 22 | } finally { |
| 23 | fclose($fh); |
| 24 | } |
| 25 | return self::parse($data); |
| 26 | } |
| 27 | |
| 28 | /** |
| 29 | * Decode an 8-bit alpha PNG (color type 4 = grayscale+alpha, |
| 30 | * type 6 = RGB+alpha) into separate colour and alpha streams. |
| 31 | * The PDF caller then emits the colour as the main Image |
| 32 | * XObject and the alpha as an `/SMask` reference attached to |
| 33 | * it. Returns null for non-alpha PNGs, non-8-bit depths, or |
| 34 | * any decode failure (corrupt IDAT, bad filter byte, etc.). |
| 35 | * |
| 36 | * Output streams are raw (uncompressed) per-pixel bytes — |
| 37 | * colour: 1 byte/px (grayscale) or 3 bytes/px (RGB). |
| 38 | * alpha: 1 byte/px (grayscale always). |
| 39 | * |
| 40 | * The caller is expected to FlateDecode-compress them before |
| 41 | * embedding in the PDF. |
| 42 | * |
| 43 | * @return array{colour: string, alpha: string, width: int, height: int, components: int}|null |
| 44 | */ |
| 45 | public static function decodeAlphaPng(string $data): ?array |
| 46 | { |
| 47 | $info = self::parse($data); |
| 48 | $colorType = self::peekColorType($data); |
| 49 | if ($colorType === null || $info->bitsPerComponent !== 8) { |
| 50 | return null; |
| 51 | } |
| 52 | $components = match ($colorType) { |
| 53 | 4 => 1, // grayscale + alpha → 2 bpp |
| 54 | 6 => 3, // RGB + alpha → 4 bpp |
| 55 | default => null, |
| 56 | }; |
| 57 | if ($components === null) { |
| 58 | return null; |
| 59 | } |
| 60 | $idat = self::extractIdatData($data); |
| 61 | if ($idat === null) { |
| 62 | return null; |
| 63 | } |
| 64 | $decompressed = @gzuncompress($idat); |
| 65 | if ($decompressed === false) { |
| 66 | return null; |
| 67 | } |
| 68 | $bpp = $components + 1; // colour bytes + 1 alpha byte |
| 69 | $stride = $info->width * $bpp; |
| 70 | $expected = ($stride + 1) * $info->height; |
| 71 | if (strlen($decompressed) < $expected) { |
| 72 | return null; |
| 73 | } |
| 74 | $colour = ''; |
| 75 | $alpha = ''; |
| 76 | $prev = str_repeat("\x00", $stride); |
| 77 | $offset = 0; |
| 78 | for ($y = 0; $y < $info->height; $y++) { |
| 79 | $filter = ord($decompressed[$offset]); |
| 80 | $offset++; |
| 81 | $current = ''; |
| 82 | for ($x = 0; $x < $stride; $x++) { |
| 83 | $px = ord($decompressed[$offset + $x]); |
| 84 | $left = $x >= $bpp ? ord($current[$x - $bpp]) : 0; |
| 85 | $up = ord($prev[$x]); |
| 86 | $upLeft = $x >= $bpp ? ord($prev[$x - $bpp]) : 0; |
| 87 | $unfiltered = match ($filter) { |
| 88 | 0 => $px, |
| 89 | 1 => ($px + $left) & 0xFF, |
| 90 | 2 => ($px + $up) & 0xFF, |
| 91 | 3 => ($px + (($left + $up) >> 1)) & 0xFF, |
| 92 | 4 => ($px + self::paeth($left, $up, $upLeft)) & 0xFF, |
| 93 | default => -1, |
| 94 | }; |
| 95 | if ($unfiltered < 0) { |
| 96 | return null; |
| 97 | } |
| 98 | $current .= chr($unfiltered); |
| 99 | } |
| 100 | $offset += $stride; |
| 101 | // Split the unfiltered row into colour + alpha bytes. |
| 102 | for ($x = 0; $x < $info->width; $x++) { |
| 103 | $pxBase = $x * $bpp; |
| 104 | $colour .= substr($current, $pxBase, $components); |
| 105 | $alpha .= $current[$pxBase + $components]; |
| 106 | } |
| 107 | $prev = $current; |
| 108 | } |
| 109 | return [ |
| 110 | 'colour' => $colour, |
| 111 | 'alpha' => $alpha, |
| 112 | 'width' => $info->width, |
| 113 | 'height' => $info->height, |
| 114 | 'components' => $components, |
| 115 | ]; |
| 116 | } |
| 117 | |
| 118 | /** |
| 119 | * Peek the PNG's color type without re-running the full parser. |
| 120 | * IHDR is always the first chunk after the 8-byte signature, so |
| 121 | * we read it directly. |
| 122 | */ |
| 123 | private static function peekColorType(string $data): ?int |
| 124 | { |
| 125 | if (strlen($data) < 8 + 8 + 13 || substr($data, 0, 8) !== "\x89PNG\r\n\x1A\n") { |
| 126 | return null; |
| 127 | } |
| 128 | if (substr($data, 12, 4) !== 'IHDR') { |
| 129 | return null; |
| 130 | } |
| 131 | return ord($data[8 + 8 + 9]); |
| 132 | } |
| 133 | |
| 134 | private static function paeth(int $a, int $b, int $c): int |
| 135 | { |
| 136 | $p = $a + $b - $c; |
| 137 | $pa = abs($p - $a); |
| 138 | $pb = abs($p - $b); |
| 139 | $pc = abs($p - $c); |
| 140 | if ($pa <= $pb && $pa <= $pc) { |
| 141 | return $a; |
| 142 | } |
| 143 | if ($pb <= $pc) { |
| 144 | return $b; |
| 145 | } |
| 146 | return $c; |
| 147 | } |
| 148 | |
| 149 | /** |
| 150 | * Decode an 8-bit indexed-colour PNG (color type 3) into the |
| 151 | * separate colour + alpha streams a PDF Image XObject embeds. |
| 152 | * Walks the IDAT data through PNG filter reversal, indexes each |
| 153 | * pixel into the PLTE palette, and (when the optional tRNS |
| 154 | * chunk is present) looks up per-palette-index alpha. |
| 155 | * |
| 156 | * Returns null for non-indexed PNGs, unsupported bit depths |
| 157 | * (anything outside 1 / 2 / 4 / 8), missing PLTE, or any decode |
| 158 | * failure. |
| 159 | * |
| 160 | * Output: colour = 3 bytes/px (RGB). alpha = 1 byte/px when |
| 161 | * tRNS is present; null when the palette is fully opaque (the |
| 162 | * caller skips the SMask). |
| 163 | * |
| 164 | * @return array{colour: string, alpha: ?string, width: int, height: int}|null |
| 165 | */ |
| 166 | public static function decodeIndexedPng(string $data): ?array |
| 167 | { |
| 168 | $info = self::parse($data); |
| 169 | $colorType = self::peekColorType($data); |
| 170 | if ($colorType !== 3 || !in_array($info->bitsPerComponent, [1, 2, 4, 8], true)) { |
| 171 | return null; |
| 172 | } |
| 173 | $palette = self::extractChunk($data, 'PLTE'); |
| 174 | if ($palette === null || strlen($palette) % 3 !== 0 || $palette === '') { |
| 175 | return null; |
| 176 | } |
| 177 | $trns = self::extractChunk($data, 'tRNS'); |
| 178 | $idat = self::extractIdatData($data); |
| 179 | if ($idat === null) { |
| 180 | return null; |
| 181 | } |
| 182 | $decompressed = @gzuncompress($idat); |
| 183 | if ($decompressed === false) { |
| 184 | return null; |
| 185 | } |
| 186 | // PNG packs sub-byte pixels MSB-first into the smallest whole |
| 187 | // number of bytes per scanline. Filter bytes precede the |
| 188 | // packed row, so we walk the packed stride byte-by-byte for |
| 189 | // filter reversal, then unpack into 1-byte-per-pixel indices. |
| 190 | $bitDepth = $info->bitsPerComponent; |
| 191 | $stride = (int) ceil(($info->width * $bitDepth) / 8); |
| 192 | $expected = ($stride + 1) * $info->height; |
| 193 | if (strlen($decompressed) < $expected) { |
| 194 | return null; |
| 195 | } |
| 196 | $bpp = 1; // filter neighbours operate on packed bytes for sub-8 depths |
| 197 | $colour = ''; |
| 198 | $alpha = ''; |
| 199 | $hasTransparent = false; |
| 200 | $prev = str_repeat("\x00", $stride); |
| 201 | $offset = 0; |
| 202 | $mask = (1 << $bitDepth) - 1; |
| 203 | for ($y = 0; $y < $info->height; $y++) { |
| 204 | $filter = ord($decompressed[$offset]); |
| 205 | $offset++; |
| 206 | $current = ''; |
| 207 | for ($x = 0; $x < $stride; $x++) { |
| 208 | $px = ord($decompressed[$offset + $x]); |
| 209 | $left = $x >= $bpp ? ord($current[$x - $bpp]) : 0; |
| 210 | $up = ord($prev[$x]); |
| 211 | $upLeft = $x >= $bpp ? ord($prev[$x - $bpp]) : 0; |
| 212 | $unfiltered = match ($filter) { |
| 213 | 0 => $px, |
| 214 | 1 => ($px + $left) & 0xFF, |
| 215 | 2 => ($px + $up) & 0xFF, |
| 216 | 3 => ($px + (($left + $up) >> 1)) & 0xFF, |
| 217 | 4 => ($px + self::paeth($left, $up, $upLeft)) & 0xFF, |
| 218 | default => -1, |
| 219 | }; |
| 220 | if ($unfiltered < 0) { |
| 221 | return null; |
| 222 | } |
| 223 | $current .= chr($unfiltered); |
| 224 | } |
| 225 | $offset += $stride; |
| 226 | // Unpack packed indices MSB-first into per-pixel indices, |
| 227 | // then walk those for palette + alpha lookup. |
| 228 | for ($x = 0; $x < $info->width; $x++) { |
| 229 | $bitIndex = $x * $bitDepth; |
| 230 | $byteIndex = intdiv($bitIndex, 8); |
| 231 | $shift = 8 - $bitDepth - ($bitIndex % 8); |
| 232 | $idx = (ord($current[$byteIndex]) >> $shift) & $mask; |
| 233 | $paletteOffset = $idx * 3; |
| 234 | if ($paletteOffset + 3 > strlen($palette)) { |
| 235 | // Out-of-range index — paint with palette[0] as |
| 236 | // a tolerant fallback (matches some browsers' |
| 237 | // recovery posture). |
| 238 | $paletteOffset = 0; |
| 239 | } |
| 240 | $colour .= substr($palette, $paletteOffset, 3); |
| 241 | if ($trns !== null) { |
| 242 | $a = $idx < strlen($trns) ? ord($trns[$idx]) : 0xFF; |
| 243 | $alpha .= chr($a); |
| 244 | if ($a !== 0xFF) { |
| 245 | $hasTransparent = true; |
| 246 | } |
| 247 | } |
| 248 | } |
| 249 | $prev = $current; |
| 250 | } |
| 251 | return [ |
| 252 | 'colour' => $colour, |
| 253 | 'alpha' => $hasTransparent ? $alpha : null, |
| 254 | 'width' => $info->width, |
| 255 | 'height' => $info->height, |
| 256 | ]; |
| 257 | } |
| 258 | |
| 259 | /** |
| 260 | * Find and return the first matching chunk payload. Used for |
| 261 | * one-off lookups (`PLTE`, `tRNS`) that don't appear in the |
| 262 | * critical IHDR + IDAT + IEND path the full parser walks. |
| 263 | */ |
| 264 | private static function extractChunk(string $data, string $chunkType): ?string |
| 265 | { |
| 266 | $len = strlen($data); |
| 267 | if ($len < 8 || substr($data, 0, 8) !== "\x89PNG\r\n\x1A\n") { |
| 268 | return null; |
| 269 | } |
| 270 | $pos = 8; |
| 271 | while ($pos + 12 <= $len) { |
| 272 | $chunkLen = unpack('N', substr($data, $pos, 4))[1]; |
| 273 | $type = substr($data, $pos + 4, 4); |
| 274 | if ($type === $chunkType) { |
| 275 | return substr($data, $pos + 8, $chunkLen); |
| 276 | } |
| 277 | if ($type === 'IEND') { |
| 278 | return null; |
| 279 | } |
| 280 | $pos += 12 + $chunkLen; |
| 281 | } |
| 282 | return null; |
| 283 | } |
| 284 | |
| 285 | /** |
| 286 | * Extract the concatenated `IDAT` chunk payload from a PNG. |
| 287 | * The payload is already DEFLATE-compressed PNG-filter-coded |
| 288 | * pixel data, suitable for embedding in a PDF Image XObject |
| 289 | * with `/Filter /FlateDecode` + `/DecodeParms <<Predictor 15 |
| 290 | * Columns W Colors N BitsPerComponent B>>` — PDF readers |
| 291 | * decompress + unfilter via the predictor without an |
| 292 | * intermediate raw-RGB buffer. |
| 293 | * |
| 294 | * Returns null when the PNG signature is invalid or no IDAT |
| 295 | * chunks are present. |
| 296 | */ |
| 297 | public static function extractIdatData(string $data): ?string |
| 298 | { |
| 299 | $len = strlen($data); |
| 300 | if ($len < 8 || substr($data, 0, 8) !== "\x89PNG\r\n\x1A\n") { |
| 301 | return null; |
| 302 | } |
| 303 | $pos = 8; |
| 304 | $idat = ''; |
| 305 | while ($pos + 12 <= $len) { |
| 306 | $chunkLen = unpack('N', substr($data, $pos, 4))[1]; |
| 307 | $chunkType = substr($data, $pos + 4, 4); |
| 308 | if ($chunkType === 'IDAT' && $chunkLen > 0) { |
| 309 | $idat .= substr($data, $pos + 8, $chunkLen); |
| 310 | } elseif ($chunkType === 'IEND') { |
| 311 | break; |
| 312 | } |
| 313 | $pos += 12 + $chunkLen; |
| 314 | } |
| 315 | return $idat === '' ? null : $idat; |
| 316 | } |
| 317 | |
| 318 | public static function parse(string $data): ImageInfo |
| 319 | { |
| 320 | $len = strlen($data); |
| 321 | |
| 322 | // Verify PNG signature (8 bytes) |
| 323 | if ($len < 8 || substr($data, 0, 8) !== "\x89PNG\r\n\x1A\n") { |
| 324 | throw new \RuntimeException('Not a valid PNG file'); |
| 325 | } |
| 326 | |
| 327 | $pos = 8; |
| 328 | $width = 0; |
| 329 | $height = 0; |
| 330 | $bitDepth = 8; |
| 331 | $colorType = 2; |
| 332 | $xDpi = null; |
| 333 | $yDpi = null; |
| 334 | $iccProfile = null; |
| 335 | |
| 336 | while ($pos + 12 <= $len) { |
| 337 | $chunkLen = unpack('N', substr($data, $pos, 4))[1]; |
| 338 | $chunkType = substr($data, $pos + 4, 4); |
| 339 | $chunkData = substr($data, $pos + 8, $chunkLen); |
| 340 | $pos += 12 + $chunkLen; |
| 341 | |
| 342 | if ($chunkType === 'IHDR' && strlen($chunkData) >= 13) { |
| 343 | $width = unpack('N', substr($chunkData, 0, 4))[1]; |
| 344 | $height = unpack('N', substr($chunkData, 4, 4))[1]; |
| 345 | $bitDepth = ord($chunkData[8]); |
| 346 | $colorType = ord($chunkData[9]); |
| 347 | } elseif ($chunkType === 'pHYs' && strlen($chunkData) >= 9) { |
| 348 | $xPixelsPerUnit = unpack('N', substr($chunkData, 0, 4))[1]; |
| 349 | $yPixelsPerUnit = unpack('N', substr($chunkData, 4, 4))[1]; |
| 350 | $unit = ord($chunkData[8]); |
| 351 | if ($unit === 1 && $xPixelsPerUnit > 0 && $yPixelsPerUnit > 0) { |
| 352 | // Unit is meters; convert to DPI |
| 353 | $xDpi = (int) round($xPixelsPerUnit / 39.3701); |
| 354 | $yDpi = (int) round($yPixelsPerUnit / 39.3701); |
| 355 | } |
| 356 | } elseif ($chunkType === 'iCCP' && strlen($chunkData) > 2) { |
| 357 | // iCCP chunk: null-terminated profile name, 1-byte compression method, compressed data |
| 358 | $nullPos = strpos($chunkData, "\x00"); |
| 359 | if ($nullPos !== false && $nullPos + 2 <= strlen($chunkData)) { |
| 360 | // Skip profile name + null byte + compression method byte (always 0 = deflate) |
| 361 | $compressedData = substr($chunkData, $nullPos + 2); |
| 362 | if ($compressedData !== '') { |
| 363 | $decompressed = @gzuncompress($compressedData); |
| 364 | if ($decompressed !== false) { |
| 365 | $iccProfile = $decompressed; |
| 366 | } |
| 367 | } |
| 368 | } |
| 369 | } elseif ($chunkType === 'IEND') { |
| 370 | break; |
| 371 | } |
| 372 | } |
| 373 | |
| 374 | [$colorSpace, $hasAlpha] = match ($colorType) { |
| 375 | 0 => ['DeviceGray', false], |
| 376 | 2 => ['DeviceRGB', false], |
| 377 | 3 => ['DeviceRGB', false], // indexed — treat as RGB |
| 378 | 4 => ['DeviceGray', true], |
| 379 | 6 => ['DeviceRGB', true], |
| 380 | default => ['DeviceRGB', false], |
| 381 | }; |
| 382 | |
| 383 | return new ImageInfo( |
| 384 | width: $width, |
| 385 | height: $height, |
| 386 | colorSpace: $colorSpace, |
| 387 | bitsPerComponent: $bitDepth, |
| 388 | format: 'png', |
| 389 | hasAlpha: $hasAlpha, |
| 390 | xDpi: $xDpi, |
| 391 | yDpi: $yDpi, |
| 392 | iccProfile: $iccProfile, |
| 393 | ); |
| 394 | } |
| 395 | } |