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| 1 | <?php |
| 2 | |
| 3 | declare(strict_types=1); |
| 4 | |
| 5 | namespace Phpdftk\Crypt; |
| 6 | |
| 7 | /** |
| 8 | * PDF encryption key derivation — ISO 32000-2 §7.6. |
| 9 | * |
| 10 | * Covers the Standard security handler (R=2/3/4 with RC4/AES-128 |
| 11 | * and R=6 with AES-256). |
| 12 | */ |
| 13 | final class PdfKeyDerivation |
| 14 | { |
| 15 | /** Standard 32-byte padding string per PDF spec §7.6.3.3. */ |
| 16 | public const PADDING = "\x28\xBF\x4E\x5E\x4E\x75\x8A\x41\x64\x00\x4E\x56\xFF\xFA\x01\x08" |
| 17 | . "\x2E\x2E\x00\xB6\xD0\x68\x3E\x80\x2F\x0C\xA9\xFE\x64\x53\x69\x7A"; |
| 18 | |
| 19 | /** |
| 20 | * Derive an object encryption key per PDF spec §7.6.3.3. |
| 21 | */ |
| 22 | public static function deriveObjectKey( |
| 23 | string $encryptionKey, |
| 24 | int $objectNumber, |
| 25 | int $generationNumber, |
| 26 | bool $aes = false, |
| 27 | ): string { |
| 28 | $input = $encryptionKey |
| 29 | . chr($objectNumber & 0xFF) |
| 30 | . chr(($objectNumber >> 8) & 0xFF) |
| 31 | . chr(($objectNumber >> 16) & 0xFF) |
| 32 | . chr($generationNumber & 0xFF) |
| 33 | . chr(($generationNumber >> 8) & 0xFF); |
| 34 | |
| 35 | if ($aes) { |
| 36 | $input .= "\x73\x41\x6C\x54"; // "sAlT" |
| 37 | } |
| 38 | |
| 39 | $hash = md5($input, true); |
| 40 | $keyLen = min(strlen($encryptionKey) + 5, 16); |
| 41 | $keyLen = max(5, $keyLen); |
| 42 | |
| 43 | return substr($hash, 0, $keyLen); |
| 44 | } |
| 45 | |
| 46 | /** |
| 47 | * Compute the owner key (/O) — §7.6.3.4 (R=2/3/4). |
| 48 | */ |
| 49 | public static function computeOwnerKey( |
| 50 | string $ownerPassword, |
| 51 | string $userPassword, |
| 52 | int $keyLength, |
| 53 | ): string { |
| 54 | $padOwner = self::pad($ownerPassword); |
| 55 | $padUser = self::pad($userPassword); |
| 56 | |
| 57 | $hash = md5($padOwner, true); |
| 58 | if ($keyLength > 40) { |
| 59 | for ($i = 0; $i < 50; $i++) { |
| 60 | $hash = md5($hash, true); |
| 61 | } |
| 62 | } |
| 63 | |
| 64 | $rc4KeyLen = $keyLength / 8; |
| 65 | $rc4Key = substr($hash, 0, $rc4KeyLen); |
| 66 | |
| 67 | $rc4 = new Rc4Cipher(); |
| 68 | $ownerKey = $rc4->encrypt($padUser, $rc4Key); |
| 69 | |
| 70 | if ($keyLength > 40) { |
| 71 | for ($i = 1; $i <= 19; $i++) { |
| 72 | $iterKey = ''; |
| 73 | for ($j = 0; $j < $rc4KeyLen; $j++) { |
| 74 | $iterKey .= chr(ord($rc4Key[$j]) ^ $i); |
| 75 | } |
| 76 | $ownerKey = $rc4->encrypt($ownerKey, $iterKey); |
| 77 | } |
| 78 | } |
| 79 | |
| 80 | return substr($ownerKey, 0, 32); |
| 81 | } |
| 82 | |
| 83 | /** |
| 84 | * Compute the file encryption key from the user password — §7.6.3.3. |
| 85 | * |
| 86 | * @param string $userPassword The user password |
| 87 | * @param string $oValue The /O value from the encrypt dictionary (32 bytes) |
| 88 | * @param int $pValue The /P permissions value (signed 32-bit) |
| 89 | * @param string $fileId The first element of the /ID array |
| 90 | * @param int $keyLengthBits Key length in bits (40, 56, 64, 80, 96, 128) |
| 91 | * @param int $revision Revision (R=2..4) |
| 92 | * @param bool $encryptMetadata Whether metadata is encrypted (R=4 only) |
| 93 | */ |
| 94 | public static function computeFileEncryptionKey( |
| 95 | string $userPassword, |
| 96 | string $oValue, |
| 97 | int $pValue, |
| 98 | string $fileId, |
| 99 | int $keyLengthBits = 128, |
| 100 | int $revision = 3, |
| 101 | bool $encryptMetadata = true, |
| 102 | ): string { |
| 103 | $padded = self::pad($userPassword); |
| 104 | |
| 105 | $input = $padded . $oValue; |
| 106 | // /P as a 32-bit signed LE value |
| 107 | $input .= pack('V', $pValue); |
| 108 | $input .= $fileId; |
| 109 | |
| 110 | if ($revision >= 4 && !$encryptMetadata) { |
| 111 | $input .= "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"; |
| 112 | } |
| 113 | |
| 114 | $hash = md5($input, true); |
| 115 | |
| 116 | $keyLen = $keyLengthBits / 8; |
| 117 | |
| 118 | if ($revision >= 3) { |
| 119 | for ($i = 0; $i < 50; $i++) { |
| 120 | $hash = md5(substr($hash, 0, $keyLen), true); |
| 121 | } |
| 122 | } |
| 123 | |
| 124 | return substr($hash, 0, $keyLen); |
| 125 | } |
| 126 | |
| 127 | /** |
| 128 | * Compute the user key (/U) — §7.6.3.4. |
| 129 | * |
| 130 | * @param string $encryptionKey The file encryption key |
| 131 | * @param string $fileId The first element of /ID |
| 132 | * @param int $revision Revision (R=2..4) |
| 133 | */ |
| 134 | public static function computeUserKey( |
| 135 | string $encryptionKey, |
| 136 | string $fileId, |
| 137 | int $revision = 3, |
| 138 | ): string { |
| 139 | $rc4 = new Rc4Cipher(); |
| 140 | |
| 141 | if ($revision === 2) { |
| 142 | return $rc4->encrypt(self::PADDING, $encryptionKey); |
| 143 | } |
| 144 | |
| 145 | // R >= 3: MD5 hash of padding + file ID, then RC4 with 20 iterations |
| 146 | $hash = md5(self::PADDING . $fileId, true); |
| 147 | $result = $rc4->encrypt($hash, $encryptionKey); |
| 148 | |
| 149 | $keyLen = strlen($encryptionKey); |
| 150 | for ($i = 1; $i <= 19; $i++) { |
| 151 | $iterKey = ''; |
| 152 | for ($j = 0; $j < $keyLen; $j++) { |
| 153 | $iterKey .= chr(ord($encryptionKey[$j]) ^ $i); |
| 154 | } |
| 155 | $result = $rc4->encrypt($result, $iterKey); |
| 156 | } |
| 157 | |
| 158 | // Pad to 32 bytes with arbitrary data |
| 159 | return str_pad($result, 32, "\x00"); |
| 160 | } |
| 161 | |
| 162 | /** |
| 163 | * Authenticate a user password — returns the file encryption key |
| 164 | * if the password is valid, null otherwise. |
| 165 | */ |
| 166 | public static function authenticateUserPassword( |
| 167 | string $password, |
| 168 | string $oValue, |
| 169 | string $uValue, |
| 170 | int $pValue, |
| 171 | string $fileId, |
| 172 | int $keyLengthBits = 128, |
| 173 | int $revision = 3, |
| 174 | bool $encryptMetadata = true, |
| 175 | ): ?string { |
| 176 | $key = self::computeFileEncryptionKey( |
| 177 | $password, |
| 178 | $oValue, |
| 179 | $pValue, |
| 180 | $fileId, |
| 181 | $keyLengthBits, |
| 182 | $revision, |
| 183 | $encryptMetadata, |
| 184 | ); |
| 185 | |
| 186 | $computedU = self::computeUserKey($key, $fileId, $revision); |
| 187 | |
| 188 | if ($revision === 2) { |
| 189 | if ($computedU === $uValue) { |
| 190 | return $key; |
| 191 | } |
| 192 | } else { |
| 193 | // R >= 3: compare first 16 bytes only |
| 194 | if (substr($computedU, 0, 16) === substr($uValue, 0, 16)) { |
| 195 | return $key; |
| 196 | } |
| 197 | } |
| 198 | |
| 199 | return null; |
| 200 | } |
| 201 | |
| 202 | /** |
| 203 | * Authenticate an owner password — returns the file encryption key |
| 204 | * if the password is valid, null otherwise. |
| 205 | */ |
| 206 | public static function authenticateOwnerPassword( |
| 207 | string $ownerPassword, |
| 208 | string $oValue, |
| 209 | string $uValue, |
| 210 | int $pValue, |
| 211 | string $fileId, |
| 212 | int $keyLengthBits = 128, |
| 213 | int $revision = 3, |
| 214 | bool $encryptMetadata = true, |
| 215 | ): ?string { |
| 216 | // Derive the RC4 key from the owner password |
| 217 | $padOwner = self::pad($ownerPassword); |
| 218 | $hash = md5($padOwner, true); |
| 219 | if ($keyLengthBits > 40) { |
| 220 | for ($i = 0; $i < 50; $i++) { |
| 221 | $hash = md5($hash, true); |
| 222 | } |
| 223 | } |
| 224 | $rc4KeyLen = $keyLengthBits / 8; |
| 225 | $rc4Key = substr($hash, 0, $rc4KeyLen); |
| 226 | |
| 227 | // Decrypt /O to recover the user password |
| 228 | $rc4 = new Rc4Cipher(); |
| 229 | if ($revision === 2) { |
| 230 | $userPassword = $rc4->decrypt($oValue, $rc4Key); |
| 231 | } else { |
| 232 | $userPassword = $oValue; |
| 233 | for ($i = 19; $i >= 0; $i--) { |
| 234 | $iterKey = ''; |
| 235 | for ($j = 0; $j < $rc4KeyLen; $j++) { |
| 236 | $iterKey .= chr(ord($rc4Key[$j]) ^ $i); |
| 237 | } |
| 238 | $userPassword = $rc4->decrypt($userPassword, $iterKey); |
| 239 | } |
| 240 | } |
| 241 | |
| 242 | // Now authenticate using the recovered user password |
| 243 | return self::authenticateUserPassword( |
| 244 | $userPassword, |
| 245 | $oValue, |
| 246 | $uValue, |
| 247 | $pValue, |
| 248 | $fileId, |
| 249 | $keyLengthBits, |
| 250 | $revision, |
| 251 | $encryptMetadata, |
| 252 | ); |
| 253 | } |
| 254 | |
| 255 | // ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 256 | // R=6 (AES-256) — ISO 32000-2 §7.6.4.3.3 / §7.6.4.3.4 |
| 257 | // ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 258 | |
| 259 | /** |
| 260 | * R=6 iterative hash algorithm — ISO 32000-2 §7.6.4.3.4. |
| 261 | * |
| 262 | * @param string $password UTF-8 password (already SASLprep'd, truncated to 127 bytes) |
| 263 | * @param string $salt 8-byte salt |
| 264 | * @param string $userKey First 48 bytes of /U value (empty for user password validation) |
| 265 | */ |
| 266 | public static function computeHashR6(string $password, string $salt, string $userKey = ''): string |
| 267 | { |
| 268 | $k = hash('sha256', $password . $salt . $userKey, true); |
| 269 | |
| 270 | $round = 0; |
| 271 | while (true) { |
| 272 | // Build K1 = (password + K + userKey) repeated 64 times |
| 273 | $k1Single = $password . $k . $userKey; |
| 274 | $k1 = str_repeat($k1Single, 64); |
| 275 | |
| 276 | // AES-128-CBC encrypt K1 with key=K[0:16], IV=K[16:32] |
| 277 | $aesKey = substr($k, 0, 16); |
| 278 | $aesIv = substr($k, 16, 16); |
| 279 | $e = openssl_encrypt($k1, 'AES-128-CBC', $aesKey, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA | OPENSSL_NO_PADDING, $aesIv); |
| 280 | |
| 281 | // Pick hash based on first byte of E mod 3 |
| 282 | $remainder = ord($e[0]) % 3; |
| 283 | $k = match ($remainder) { |
| 284 | 0 => hash('sha256', $e, true), |
| 285 | 1 => hash('sha384', $e, true), |
| 286 | 2 => hash('sha512', $e, true), |
| 287 | }; |
| 288 | |
| 289 | // Continue while round < 64, or while last byte of E > (round - 32) |
| 290 | if ($round >= 63 && ord($e[strlen($e) - 1]) <= $round - 32) { |
| 291 | break; |
| 292 | } |
| 293 | $round++; |
| 294 | } |
| 295 | |
| 296 | return substr($k, 0, 32); |
| 297 | } |
| 298 | |
| 299 | /** |
| 300 | * Compute /U and /UE values for R=6 — ISO 32000-2 §7.6.4.3.3 (Algorithm 2.A step a). |
| 301 | * |
| 302 | * @return array{u: string, ue: string} U is 48 bytes, UE is 32 bytes |
| 303 | */ |
| 304 | public static function computeUValueR6(string $password, string $fileEncryptionKey): array |
| 305 | { |
| 306 | $validationSalt = random_bytes(8); |
| 307 | $keySalt = random_bytes(8); |
| 308 | |
| 309 | $hash = self::computeHashR6($password, $validationSalt); |
| 310 | $u = $hash . $validationSalt . $keySalt; // 48 bytes |
| 311 | |
| 312 | // UE = AES-256-CBC encrypt the file encryption key |
| 313 | $ueKey = self::computeHashR6($password, $keySalt); |
| 314 | $iv = str_repeat("\x00", 16); |
| 315 | $ue = openssl_encrypt($fileEncryptionKey, 'AES-256-CBC', $ueKey, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA | OPENSSL_NO_PADDING, $iv); |
| 316 | |
| 317 | return ['u' => $u, 'ue' => $ue]; |
| 318 | } |
| 319 | |
| 320 | /** |
| 321 | * Compute /O and /OE values for R=6 — ISO 32000-2 §7.6.4.3.3 (Algorithm 2.A step b). |
| 322 | * |
| 323 | * @param string $uValue First 48 bytes of the /U value |
| 324 | * @return array{o: string, oe: string} O is 48 bytes, OE is 32 bytes |
| 325 | */ |
| 326 | public static function computeOValueR6(string $password, string $fileEncryptionKey, string $uValue): array |
| 327 | { |
| 328 | $validationSalt = random_bytes(8); |
| 329 | $keySalt = random_bytes(8); |
| 330 | |
| 331 | $u48 = substr($uValue, 0, 48); |
| 332 | $hash = self::computeHashR6($password, $validationSalt, $u48); |
| 333 | $o = $hash . $validationSalt . $keySalt; // 48 bytes |
| 334 | |
| 335 | // OE = AES-256-CBC encrypt the file encryption key |
| 336 | $oeKey = self::computeHashR6($password, $keySalt, $u48); |
| 337 | $iv = str_repeat("\x00", 16); |
| 338 | $oe = openssl_encrypt($fileEncryptionKey, 'AES-256-CBC', $oeKey, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA | OPENSSL_NO_PADDING, $iv); |
| 339 | |
| 340 | return ['o' => $o, 'oe' => $oe]; |
| 341 | } |
| 342 | |
| 343 | /** |
| 344 | * Compute /Perms value for R=6 — ISO 32000-2 §7.6.4.3.3 (Algorithm 2.A step c). |
| 345 | */ |
| 346 | public static function computePermsR6(int $permissions, string $fileEncryptionKey, bool $encryptMetadata = true): string |
| 347 | { |
| 348 | // Build 16-byte buffer |
| 349 | $buf = pack('V', $permissions); // P as 4 bytes LE |
| 350 | $buf .= "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"; // 4 bytes 0xFF |
| 351 | $buf .= $encryptMetadata ? 'T' : 'F'; // 1 byte |
| 352 | $buf .= 'adb'; // 3 bytes |
| 353 | $buf .= random_bytes(4); // 4 random bytes |
| 354 | |
| 355 | // AES-256-ECB encrypt |
| 356 | $result = openssl_encrypt($buf, 'AES-256-ECB', $fileEncryptionKey, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA | OPENSSL_NO_PADDING); |
| 357 | |
| 358 | return $result; |
| 359 | } |
| 360 | |
| 361 | /** |
| 362 | * Authenticate a user password for R=6 — returns file encryption key or null. |
| 363 | * |
| 364 | * @param string $password UTF-8 password (already SASLprep'd, truncated to 127 bytes) |
| 365 | * @param string $uValue 48-byte /U value |
| 366 | * @param string $ueValue 32-byte /UE value |
| 367 | */ |
| 368 | public static function authenticateUserPasswordR6(string $password, string $uValue, string $ueValue): ?string |
| 369 | { |
| 370 | $validationSalt = substr($uValue, 32, 8); |
| 371 | $keySalt = substr($uValue, 40, 8); |
| 372 | |
| 373 | $hash = self::computeHashR6($password, $validationSalt); |
| 374 | |
| 375 | // Compare hash with U[0:32] |
| 376 | if (!hash_equals(substr($uValue, 0, 32), $hash)) { |
| 377 | return null; |
| 378 | } |
| 379 | |
| 380 | // Decrypt file encryption key from UE |
| 381 | $decryptKey = self::computeHashR6($password, $keySalt); |
| 382 | $iv = str_repeat("\x00", 16); |
| 383 | $fileKey = openssl_decrypt($ueValue, 'AES-256-CBC', $decryptKey, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA | OPENSSL_NO_PADDING, $iv); |
| 384 | |
| 385 | return $fileKey !== false ? $fileKey : null; |
| 386 | } |
| 387 | |
| 388 | /** |
| 389 | * Authenticate an owner password for R=6 — returns file encryption key or null. |
| 390 | * |
| 391 | * @param string $password UTF-8 password (already SASLprep'd, truncated to 127 bytes) |
| 392 | * @param string $oValue 48-byte /O value |
| 393 | * @param string $oeValue 32-byte /OE value |
| 394 | * @param string $uValue 48-byte /U value |
| 395 | */ |
| 396 | public static function authenticateOwnerPasswordR6(string $password, string $oValue, string $oeValue, string $uValue): ?string |
| 397 | { |
| 398 | $validationSalt = substr($oValue, 32, 8); |
| 399 | $keySalt = substr($oValue, 40, 8); |
| 400 | $u48 = substr($uValue, 0, 48); |
| 401 | |
| 402 | $hash = self::computeHashR6($password, $validationSalt, $u48); |
| 403 | |
| 404 | // Compare hash with O[0:32] |
| 405 | if (!hash_equals(substr($oValue, 0, 32), $hash)) { |
| 406 | return null; |
| 407 | } |
| 408 | |
| 409 | // Decrypt file encryption key from OE |
| 410 | $decryptKey = self::computeHashR6($password, $keySalt, $u48); |
| 411 | $iv = str_repeat("\x00", 16); |
| 412 | $fileKey = openssl_decrypt($oeValue, 'AES-256-CBC', $decryptKey, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA | OPENSSL_NO_PADDING, $iv); |
| 413 | |
| 414 | return $fileKey !== false ? $fileKey : null; |
| 415 | } |
| 416 | |
| 417 | /** |
| 418 | * Normalize a password via SASLprep (RFC 4013). |
| 419 | * |
| 420 | * Required for PDF 2.0 encryption (R=6, AES-256) per ISO 32000-2 §7.6.4.3.2. |
| 421 | */ |
| 422 | public static function saslPrep(string $password): string |
| 423 | { |
| 424 | return SaslPrep::prepare($password); |
| 425 | } |
| 426 | |
| 427 | /** |
| 428 | * Pad or truncate a password to 32 bytes using the standard padding. |
| 429 | */ |
| 430 | public static function pad(string $password): string |
| 431 | { |
| 432 | return substr($password . self::PADDING, 0, 32); |
| 433 | } |
| 434 | |
| 435 | /** |
| 436 | * Prepare a password for R=6: SASLprep + truncate to 127 bytes. |
| 437 | */ |
| 438 | public static function preparePasswordR6(string $password): string |
| 439 | { |
| 440 | $prepared = self::saslPrep($password); |
| 441 | return substr($prepared, 0, 127); |
| 442 | } |
| 443 | } |